昆蟲的華麗變身：演化適應之路

 

葉文斌 

 

　　深愛田野山林觀察及調查，對台灣的昆蟲起源分化及遷移尤具興趣。現職為中興大學昆蟲系教授，研究主軸為高山昆蟲多樣性，也應用DNA序列探討台灣昆蟲的分類演化，近十年亦積極投入昆蟲環境教育的推廣。

 

 

　　興趣廣泛，生在都市卻喜歡大自然，對生命充滿好奇。大學時由文學院歷史系轉入昆蟲系，昆蟲的多樣性呈現在物種、形態、行為、生態甚至是藝術性，都令她著迷。現職為中興大學昆蟲學系教授，研究主軸為木蝨與蟲癭的分類與演化，尤其在複合種議題的探討。

 

 

　　路光暉博士的個人興趣在探討生命的運作機制。就讀中興大學昆蟲學系不久，他即開始探索昆蟲的生理機制。他在中興大學任教四十年的期間，亦多以昆蟲生理相關內容為教學與研究主題。路博士現已退休，但仍期望繼續從事相關研究工作。

你變態啊! 昆蟲！ Insects! Metamorphosis!
無變態：以不變應萬變Ametabolous: Keep calm than agitation
不完全變態： 一暝大一吋Incomplete metamorphosis: Sleeping beauty
漸進變態Gradual metamorphosis
半行變態Hemi-metamorphosis
完全變態：看我七十二變Holometamorphosis: Becoming totally different
昆蟲的構造Insect structure
外部構造External structure
內部構造Internal structure
無所不在的昆蟲: 上天、下地、潛水、入土 Insects everywhere: adaptive in air, ground, subterranean, and water
以昆蟲為師Learning from insects
陸地上的霸主: 捨我其誰Insects territorialize and dominate the planet
空中獵捕高手A flying hunter
生機盎然的土表樂園Life in top soil: A paradise
「混」在水裡「混」Aquatic insects: the best diver
潛藏於地下的王者Subterranean insects
昆蟲的生殖適應Reproductive strategy of insects
求偶：「我們結婚吧！」Insect courtship: "Would you marry me?"
一見鍾情─視覺求偶Love at first sight ─ Visual display
一聽鍾情─聽覺求偶Finding love through melodies ─ Auditory courtship signal
結婚送聘禮─餽贈求偶Nuptial gifts ─ A bribe for bride
為愛而戰─競爭求偶Fight for mate ─ A competition courtship
交配：「你是我的真愛」Copulation: "You are my true love"
精力大補丸A nutritious spermatophore
危險的婚禮A dangerous wedding
愛的圓舞曲A heart-shaped mating posture
愛情疊疊樂Pile up for love
產卵：「生生不息」Eggs reproduction:"Circle of life"
超級複製蟲─多胚生殖Super cloning ─ Polyembryony
早生貴子─幼體生殖Young mommy ─ Paedogenesis
體內孵蛋─卵胎生Internal incubation ─ Ovoviviparity
單親媽媽─孤雌生殖Single mother ─ Parthenogenesis
護幼：「愛寶貝」Parental care: "Nursing eggs and larvae"
愛寶貝Caring babies
愛的防護罩A protective shield
活動育嬰室A moving nursery room
飽暖育嬰室A perfect nursery
昆蟲的變裝秀Insect dressing in evolutionary game
穆氏擬態: 猜猜我是誰！ Müllerian mimicry: Guess who I am!
貝氏擬態: 披著羊皮的狼在昆蟲Batesian mimicry: A goat with wolf's skin
隱蔽高手: 來啊! 你看不到? Master of camouflage: Hide and seek?
偽裝高手: 狼來了! 介殼蟲沒！ Deceive your foe: I'm good at disguising
警戒色: 警告你！別惹我！ Warning coloration: Don't touch me!
特異演化的昆蟲們Insect, unique product of evolution
愛的枷鎖Shackling for love
因為愛，我得強壯、再強壯I have to be stronger and stronger as a lover
擋不住的誘惑：情味傳千里An irresistible allure: Long-distance spreading odor
腹背受敵Have attacks on dorsal and ventral
我很臭! 可是我超有母愛I'm stinky, but I do all the jobs that the best mother could do
替寶寶做好育嬰房Set up nurseries well for baby
超人氣特異昆蟲Extraordinary insects, super-popular
如夢幻妙影Insects embody fantastic kaleidoscope
高山孤島的遺傳獨特性Mountain-island isolation & Genetic differentiation
演化適應的瓶頸The bottleneck of evolutionary adaptation
保育昆蟲需要先經過資格考？！ Is there any criterion to be met for listing insect under protection?!
台灣的保育昆蟲 Protected insect in Taiwan
挑食的金披風─黃裳鳳蝶A picky eater in a golden wing ─ The golden birdwing, Troides aeacus formosana
海岸林投內的「香竹」─津田氏大頭竹節蟲Bamboo sticks insect on coastal Pandanus ordoratissimu ─ Tsuda's giant stick insect, Megacrania tsudai
讓分類學者踢到大鐵板的虹彩叩頭蟲A snag to taxonomists, click beetle Campsosternus watanabei
櫻花樹上的紅寶石─霧社血斑天牛Rubies on cherry trees ─ Wu- she blood-spotted longhorn beetle, Aeolesthes oenochrous
我很紅，紅進紅皮書了! 國寶蝶寬尾鳳蝶The national treasure of the broad-tail swallowtail butterfly, Agehana maraho in Red List
在離島遇見幸福? 如珠寶般亮麗的球背象鼻蟲Have you "met happiness" on off-shore islands? The sparkling jewelry easter egg weevils, Pachyrrhynchus spp. and Kashotomus multipunctatus
甲蟲的「黑金」─長角大鍬形蟲及台灣大鍬形蟲"Black gold" in beetles ─ Formosan long-fanged stag beetle, Dorcus schenklingi and Formosan giant stag beetle, Dorcus hopei formosanus
蜻蜓界的巨無霸─ 無霸勾蜓A giant in dragonfly ─ Jumbo dragonfly, Anotogaster sieboldii
黑色樂師─ 台灣爺蟬Black musician ─ Formosan giant cicada, Formotosena seebohmi
偽裝達人─蘭嶼大葉螽蟴The master of camouflage ─ Lansu giant katydid Phyllophorina kotoshoensis
適得其所的地球村Find your niche on the earth
適得其所：生態棲位與棲地的多樣化Finding your niche: In terms of the diversified niches and habitats
里山倡議Satoyama Initiative
致謝Acknowledgement
參考書目References
索引Index