語用學導論

本書定位讀者為語用學初學者，因此從學生視角出發，力圖生動簡潔，在闡述語用學研究經典議題的同時，引入對經典理論的批判及近期科研成果，引發讀者思考，幫助初學者掌握相關概念，培養其獨立研究思考的能力。全書主體由七章正文及兩節附錄組成。第一章為引言；二到六章闡述指稱語、預設、會話含義、言語行為、禮貌及不禮貌等五大語用學核心議題；第七章簡述語用學研究中常見的文獻梳理、數據收集及分析方法；兩節附錄為初學者提供實用學習資源。組織架構上，每章由正文及要點回顧組成。其中二到六章正文分別論述議題中的經典理論、發展前沿，並輔以個案研究。

CONTENTS

Chapter 1Introduction
1.1Definitions of pragmatics
1.2Meaning and context
1.3Development of pragmatics
1.4Organization of the book
1.5Review

Chapter 2Deixis
2.1Preliminaries
2.2Deictic and nondeictic uses
2.3Types of deixis
2.3.1Person deixis
2.3.2Time deixis
2.3.3Place deixis
2.3.4Social deixis
2.3.5Discourse deixis
2.4Applications: Chinese vocatives as pragmatic markers
2.4.1Introduction
2.4.2Vocatives and coherence
2.4.3Vocatives and involvement
2.4.4Vocatives and (im)politeness
2.5Review

Chapter 3Presupposition
3.1Entailment
3.1.1Preliminaries
3.1.2Types of entailment
3.2Presupposition
3.2.1Preliminaries
3.2.2Types of presupposition
3.2.3Properties of presupposition
3.2.4Presupposition trigger
3.3A comparison between entailment and presupposition
3.4Applications: Entailment and presupposition in real life
3.4.1English writing
3.4.2Interpersonal communication
3.5Review

Chapter 4Implicature
4.1Preliminaries
4.1.1Natural and non-natural meaning
4.1.2Implicature and implication
4.2Types of implicature
4.2.1Conversational and conventional implicatures
4.2.2Generalized and particularized conversational implicatures
4.2.3Scalar, alternate, and clausal implicatures
4.3Classical Gricean Theory
4.3.1Cooperative principle
4.3.2Creation of conversational implicature
4.3.3Criticisms of Gricean theory
4.4NeoGricean and PostGricean Theories
4.4.1Levinson’s Q, I, and MPrinciples
4.4.2Horn’s Q and RPrinciples
4.4.3Sperber & Wilson’s Principle of Relevance
4.4.4Retrospections
4.5Properties of conversational implicature
4.6Applications: Exploiting the four Maxims in Friends
4.6.1Exploiting the Maxim of Quantity
4.6.2Exploiting the Maxim of Quality
4.6.3Exploiting the Maxim of Relation
4.6.4Exploiting the Maxim of Manner
4.7Review

Chapter 5Speech Acts
5.1Preliminaries
5.1.1Performativeconstative dichotomy
5.1.2The performative hypothesis
5.2Austin’s theorizing of speech acts
5.2.1Felicity conditions on performatives
5.2.2Locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts
5.2.3Types of illocutionary force
5.3Searle’s theorizing of speech acts
5.3.1Felicity conditions on speech acts
5.3.2Typology of speech acts
5.3.3Direct and indirect speech acts
5.4Recent developments in Speech Act Theory
5.4.1Study of perlocution
5.4.2Classifications of speech acts
5.4.3Sequencing in speech acts
5.5Speech acts across cultures and contexts
5.5.1Crosscultural variations
5.5.2Intralanguage variations
5.6Applications: Persuasion in Chinese online forum requests
5.6.1Introduction
5.6.2Ethos: Projecting self to the requestees
5.6.3Pathos: Awakening the emotion of the requestees
5.6.4Logos: Reasoning with the requestees
5.7Review

Chapter 6Politeness and Impoliteness
6.1Theorizing politeness
6.1.1Characterizing politeness
6.1.2Politeness as strategic face management
6.1.3Politeness as a conversational maxim
6.1.4Politeness as situated evaluation
6.2Theorizing impoliteness
6.2.1Types of impoliteness
6.2.2Impoliteness as strategic face attacks
6.2.3Impoliteness as conversational maxims
6.2.4Impoliteness as a discursive practice
6.3Some potential issues in (im)politeness research
6.4Applications: Politeness in online forum requests
6.4.1Introduction
6.4.2Bald on record strategies
6.4.3Positive politeness strategies
6.4.4Negative politeness strategies
6.5Review

Chapter 7Research Methods
7.1Literature mining
7.1.1Four types of exigences
7.1.2Review articles and bibliographies
7.1.3Search engines and databases
7.1.4Bibliometric analysis and knowledge visualization
7.2Data collection
7.2.1Interviews
7.2.2Questionnaires
7.2.3Discourse completion tests
7.2.4Role plays
7.2.5Recordings
7.2.6Trending methods
7.3Analytical methods
7.3.1Conversation analysis and discourse analysis
7.3.2Statistical analysis
7.4Review

References
Appendix One Resources
Appendix Two Research Notes